Which sequence correctly lists Kohlberg's levels from first to last?

• A. Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional
• B. Conventional, Preconventional, Postconventional
• C. Postconventional, Conventional, Preconventional
• D. Preconventional, Postconventional, Conventional

Answer: (A)

Kohlberg describes moral development as a progression of reasoning from focusing on oneself to conforming to social rules, and finally to acting according to abstract principles. The first level, Preconventional, centers on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain. The second level, Conventional, emphasizes following rules and earning social approval. The third level, Postconventional, rests on internalized, universal principles of justice and rights.

The correct sequence starts with Preconventional because children typically judge actions by their direct consequences for themselves. It then moves to Conventional as people grow to care about living up to expectations and maintaining social order. It ends with Postconventional, where moral reasoning is guided by abstract ethics rather than by laws or norms alone. Most people do not reach this highest level.

Other sequences place Postconventional earlier or swap the order of Preconventional and Conventional, which does not reflect how moral reasoning commonly develops.