Which level is Postconventional in Kohlberg's theory?

• A. Conventional
• B. Preconventional
• C. Postconventional
• D. Relativistic

Answer: (C)

Postconventional is the highest level in Kohlberg's model, where moral reasoning is guided by internalized universal ethical principles and the recognition of fundamental rights. At this level, people evaluate rules and laws against deeper principles like justice and equality, and may question or uphold social contracts if they conflict with those principles. Kohlberg describes two stages here: reasoning about social contracts and rights, and reasoning based on universal ethical principles that apply regardless of laws or social approval. This contrasts with earlier levels where justification relies on avoiding punishment or seeking rewards (preconventional) or fitting in with expectations and rules (conventional). Not everyone reaches this advanced level, but when someone reasons at it, their judgments stem from principled ethics rather than external authority. That’s why naming this level Postconventional is the best answer.