Which are the four main learning tactics?

• A. Observation, imitation, practice, feedback
• B. Rehearsal, elaboration, organization and metacognition
• C. Analysis, synthesis, evaluation, creation
• D. Memory, attention, recall, application

Answer: (B)

These four learning tactics are the main tools students use to process and remember information: rehearsal, elaboration, organization, and metacognition. Rehearsal is about repeating material to keep it accessible and move it into longer-term memory. Elaboration adds meaning by linking new information to what you already know, creating examples, and explaining ideas in your own words. Organization helps you structure material—through outlines, concept maps, or categorizing related ideas—so you can see relationships and retrieve information more easily. Metacognition involves thinking about your own thinking: planning how to study, monitoring your understanding as you work, and adjusting your strategies if something isn’t clicking. Together, these tactics cover both how you encode information and how you regulate your learning, leading to better understanding and retention. Other options describe cognitive processes or higher-order thinking skills that aren’t focused on the practical study strategies students use to learn effectively.